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1 | |
Which of the following describes a biological process that might be studied by an educational psychologist? |
| | A) | The development of social relationships |
| | B) | The changes in children's motor skills |
| | C) | The changes in children's ability to think logically |
| | D) | The influence of parental nurturing on children's tendency to be aggressive |
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2 | |
During the period of development known as "middle and late childhood," a child typically |
| | A) | masters the fundamental skills of writing. |
| | B) | prefers to spend time with parents than with peers. |
| | C) | makes important career decisions. |
| | D) | learns to identify letters of the alphabet. |
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3 | |
Myelination of areas in the brain related to hand-eye coordination is typically completed during which stage of an individual's life? |
| | A) | Infancy |
| | B) | Early childhood |
| | C) | Adolescence |
| | D) | Young adulthood |
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4 | |
_____ occurs when a child incorporates new knowledge into existing knowledge. |
| | A) | Assimilation |
| | B) | Accommodation |
| | C) | Equilibration |
| | D) | Lateralization |
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5 | |
Patricia demonstrates object permanence when her rattle is taken and hidden under a blanket and she |
| | A) | looks to find something new with which to play. |
| | B) | lifts the blanket to look for the rattle. |
| | C) | begins to play with her mother. |
| | D) | cries hysterically. |
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6 | |
The preoperational stage, as described by Piaget, includes individuals in which of the following age groups? |
| | A) | Birth to 2 years |
| | B) | 2 to 7 years |
| | C) | 7 to 11 years |
| | D) | 11 years through adulthood |
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7 | |
A child is said to display egocentrism if he or she displays which of the following traits? |
| | A) | Inability to distinguish between his or her own perspective and the perspectives of others |
| | B) | Ability to engage in pretend play alone or with others |
| | C) | Realization of the boundary between oneself and the environment |
| | D) | Tendency to ask numerous questions about the world |
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8 | |
Choose the best example of seriation:. |
| | A) | Lorna lines her blocks up in a straight row. |
| | B) | Billy lines his blocks by color. |
| | C) | Jermaine lines his blocks from biggest to smallest. |
| | D) | Troy chews on his blocks. |
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9 | |
According to Piaget, a child is first able to understand that sequences or procedures are reversible when the child reaches which of the following stages? |
| | A) | Sensorimotor stage |
| | B) | Preoperational stage |
| | C) | Concrete operational stage |
| | D) | Formal operational stage |
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10 | |
Tracy examines the possibilities of working with Sam. He is very good with computers, so he may be able to help her complete the research project. However, Tracy also knows that Sam is chronically irresponsible and may neglect the project. Tracy decides to test the waters by talking to other students who have worked with Sam. She also asks Sam a few questions in order to determine how helpful he might be. Tracy is most likely at which stage of Piaget's theory? |
| | A) | Sensorimotor |
| | B) | Preoperational |
| | C) | Concrete Operational |
| | D) | Formal Operational |
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11 | |
The following emphases are central to Vygotsky's theory. |
| | A) | Zone of proximal development |
| | B) | Sociocultural influences |
| | C) | Language |
| | D) | All of the above |
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12 | |
Which of the following represents Vygotsky's view of the origin of cognitive development? |
| | A) | Intelligence |
| | B) | Genetics |
| | C) | Social interactions |
| | D) | Self-regulated behavior |
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13 | |
The teacher notices Shawn cannot solve a problem on his own, though he can when he is given either adult or peer guidance. This guidance is called |
| | A) | assisted performance. |
| | B) | the zone of proximal development. |
| | C) | preoperational thinking. |
| | D) | lateralization. |
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14 | |
Which of the following statements offers the best example of scaffolding? |
| | A) | Mr. Christiansen takes every opportunity to nurture students' individual strengths. |
| | B) | Mrs. Jackson has each student write their term paper on an area of personal interest. |
| | C) | Ms. Alicia always provides a detailed lesson on the Civil War before giving students their term paper assignments. |
| | D) | Mr. Thompson demonstrates how to write the letter "z" in cursive at the blackboard before having students do so. |
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15 | |
In Vygotsky's stages of the development of speech, __________ is characterized by silent "self-talk." |
| | A) | private speech |
| | B) | personal speech |
| | C) | egocentric speech |
| | D) | social speech |
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16 | |
Rules that govern practicalities such as waiting your turn to speak during conversation are known as |
| | A) | morphology. |
| | B) | syntax. |
| | C) | pragmatics. |
| | D) | grammar. |
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17 | |
Which of the following offers a good example of morphology? |
| | A) | Adding "-ed" to a verb to make it past tense |
| | B) | Rules that govern practicalities such as waiting your turn to speak during conversation |
| | C) | The "i" before "e" rule |
| | D) | A student does better at grasping the basics of word order and sentence structure. |
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18 | |
Which of the following offers the best example of an argument for environmental influences on language? |
| | A) | Humans are prewired to learn language. |
| | B) | Even if parents do not speak to children, children still demonstrate language acquisition. |
| | C) | Parents' reinforcement of children's linguistic efforts helps children to fine-tune their use of language. |
| | D) | Children have an inborn propensity to figure language out all on their own. |
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19 | |
Kylie's parents are proud because Kylie has just spoken her first word. Having only this information, how old would you guess Kylie is? |
| | A) | 3-6 months |
| | B) | 10-13 months |
| | C) | 18-24 months |
| | D) | at least 36 months |
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20 | |
At which of the following ages does the typical child begin to use two-word combinations? |
| | A) | 1 ½ years |
| | B) | 2 ½ years |
| | C) | 4 years |
| | D) | 6 years |
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21 | |
Critics of Piaget assert all of the following EXCEPT: |
| | A) | Children's cognitive development does not occur in synchronous stages. |
| | B) | Children at one cognitive stage can be trained to reason at a higher cognitive stage. |
| | C) | Children go through cognitive stages at the same pace. |
| | D) | Culture and education exert strong influences on children's cognitive development. |
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22 | |
Researchers are finding that the last part of the brain to develop is the prefrontal cortex, which controls |
| | A) | socioemotional development. |
| | B) | critical and higher order thinking. |
| | C) | gross motor skills. |
| | D) | planning, setting priorities, suppressing impulses, and weighing the consequences of one's actions. |
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23 | |
Phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics are all examples of |
| | A) | the five stages of language development. |
| | B) | language-related learning disabilities. |
| | C) | biological influences in language development. |
| | D) | systems of rules in language. |
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24 | |
Language development is supported when parents and teachers |
| | A) | actively engage children in conversation. |
| | B) | emphasize directive language. |
| | C) | regularly engage children in drill and practice. |
| | D) | instruct children to imitate what they say. |
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25 | |
Effective teachers who work with formal operational thinkers do all of the following EXCEPT: |
| | A) | Claim that many adolescents are not full-fledged formal operational thinkers |
| | B) | Present a problem that has one clear solution |
| | C) | Propose a problem and invite students to form hypotheses about how to solve it |
| | D) | Develop projects and investigations for students to carry out |
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